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<title>Object code</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Object code</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object-oriented programming</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Execution_(computing)" title="Execution (computing)">Program execution</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

General concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<li><a href="Translator_(computing)" title="Translator (computing)">Translation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">Compiler</a></li>

<li><a href="Compile_time" title="Compile time">Compile time</a></li>

<li><a href="Optimizing_compiler" title="Optimizing compiler">Optimizing compiler</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Linker_(computing)" title="Linker (computing)"> Linking</a></li>

<li><a href="Execution_(computing)" title="Execution (computing)">Execution</a>

<ul><li><a href="Runtime_system" title="Runtime system">Runtime system</a></li>

<li><a href="Executable" title="Executable">Executable</a></li>

<li><a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">Interpreter</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">Virtual machine</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intermediate_representation" title="Intermediate representation">Intermediate representation</a> (IR)</li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Types of code</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Source_code" title="Source code">Source code</a></li>

<li><a href="Bytecode" title="Bytecode">Bytecode</a></li>

<li><a href="Machine_code" title="Machine code">Machine code</a></li>

<li><a href="Microcode" title="Microcode">Microcode</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Compilation strategies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Ahead-of-time_compilation" title="Ahead-of-time compilation">Ahead-of-time</a> (AOT)</li>

<li><a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">Just-in-time</a> (JIT)

<ul><li><a href="Tracing_just-in-time_compilation" title="Tracing just-in-time compilation">Tracing just-in-time</a></li>

<li><a href="Compile_and_go_system" title="Compile and go system">Compile and go system</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Precompilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Precompilation">Precompilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Source-to-source_compiler" title="Source-to-source compiler">Transcompilation</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_recompilation" title="Dynamic recompilation">Recompilation</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Notable runtimes</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="Android_Runtime" title="Android Runtime">Android Runtime</a> (ART)</li>

<li><a href="BEAM_(Erlang_virtual_machine)" title="BEAM (Erlang virtual machine)">BEAM</a> (Erlang)</li>

<li><a href="Common_Language_Runtime" title="Common Language Runtime">Common Language Runtime</a> (CLR) and <a href="Mono_(software)#Code_Execution_Engine" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a></li>

<li><a href="CPython" title="CPython">CPython</a> and <a href="PyPy" title="PyPy">PyPy</a></li>

<li><a href="Crt0" title="Crt0">crt0</a> (<a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> target-specific initializer)</li>

<li><a href="Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a> (JVM)</li>

<li><a href="LuaJIT" title="LuaJIT">LuaJIT</a></li>

<li><a href="Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a> and <a href="Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a>'s</li>

<li><a href="Zend_Engine" title="Zend Engine">Zend Engine</a> (PHP)</li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading">

Notable compilers & toolchains</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">

<ul><li><a href="GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GNU Compiler Collection</a> (GCC)</li>

<li><a href="LLVM" title="LLVM">LLVM</a> and <a href="Clang" title="Clang">Clang</a></li>

<li><a href="Glasgow_Haskell_Compiler" title="Glasgow Haskell Compiler">Glasgow Haskell Compiler</a> (GHC)</li></ul></td>

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<p>In <a href="Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, <b>object code</b> or <b>object module</b> is the product of an <a href="Assembler_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembler (computing)">assembler</a> or <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compiler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In a general sense, object code is a sequence of <a href="Statement_(computer_science)" title="Statement (computer science)">statements</a> or instructions in a computer language,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually a <a href="Machine_code" title="Machine code">machine code</a> language (i.e., <a href="Binary_file" title="Binary file">binary</a>) or an intermediate language such as <a href="Register_transfer_language" title="Register transfer language">register transfer language</a> (RTL). The term indicates that the code is the <a href="Goal" title="Goal">goal</a> or result of the compiling process, with some early sources referring to source code as a "subject program".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2></div>

<p><a href="Object_file" title="Object file">Object files</a> can in turn be <a href="Linker_(computing)" title="Linker (computing)">linked</a> to form an <a href="Executable_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Executable file">executable file</a> or <a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library file</a>. In order to be used, object code must either be placed in an executable file, a library file, or an object file.

</p><p>Object code is a portion of machine code that has not yet been linked into a complete program. It is the machine code for one particular library or module that will make up the completed product. It may also contain placeholders or offsets, not found in the machine code of a completed program, that the linker will use to connect everything together. Whereas machine code is binary code that can be executed directly by the CPU, object code has the jumps and inter-module references partially parametrized so that a linker can fill them in. An object file is assumed to begin at a specific location in memory, often zero. It contains information on instructions that reference memory, so that the linker can <a href="Relocation_(computing)" title="Relocation (computing)">relocate</a> the code when combining multiple object files into a single program.

</p><p>An <a href="Assembler_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembler (computing)">assembler</a> is used to convert <a href="Assembly_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly code">assembly code</a> into machine code (object code). A linker links several object (and library) files to generate an executable. Assemblers (and some compilers) can also assemble directly to machine code to produce executable files without the object intermediary step.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429115801/http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci211824,00.html">"Compiler"</a>. TechTarget. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci211824,00.html">the original</a> on 29 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2011</span>. <q>Traditionally, the output of the compilation has been called object code or sometimes an object module.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAhoSethiUllman1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Alfred_Aho" title="Alfred Aho">Aho, Alfred V.</a>; <a href="Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Sethi, Ravi</a>; <a href="Jeffrey_Ullman" title="Jeffrey Ullman">Ullman, Jeffrey C.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/compilersprincip0000ahoa/page/704">"10 Code Optimization"</a>. <i>Compilers: principles, techniques, and tools</i>. Computer Science. Mark S. Dalton. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/compilersprincip0000ahoa/page/704">704</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-201-10194-7</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLuebbertCollom_jr.1959" class="citation journal cs1">Luebbert, William F.; Collom jr., Percy (February 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/368280.368293">"Signal Corps Research and Development on Automatic Programming of Digital Computers"</a>. <i>Communications of the ACM</i>. <b>2</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">22–</span>27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFischer" class="citation web cs1">Fischer, Charles N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~fischer/cs536.s05/lectures/Lecture03.pdf">"What do compilers produce?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Wisconsin Madison<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Application_binary_interface_(ABI)74" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Application_binary_interface_(ABI)74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Application_binary_interface" title="Application binary interface">Application binary interface</a> (ABI)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parts,<br>conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Data_structure_alignment" title="Data structure alignment">Alignment</a></li>

<li><a href="Calling_convention" title="Calling convention">Calling convention</a></li>

<li><a href="Call_stack" title="Call stack">Call stack</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Library</a>

<ul><li><a href="Static_library" title="Static library">static</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Machine_code" title="Machine code">Machine code</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_segmentation" title="Memory segmentation">Memory segmentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Name_mangling" title="Name mangling">Name mangling</a></li>

<li><a href="Opaque_pointer" title="Opaque pointer">Opaque pointer</a></li>

<li><a href="Position-independent_code" title="Position-independent code">Position-independent code</a></li>

<li><a href="Relocation_(computing)" title="Relocation (computing)">Relocation</a></li>

<li><a href="System_call" title="System call">System call</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_method_table" title="Virtual method table">Virtual method table</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Binary-code_compatibility" title="Binary-code compatibility">Binary-code compatibility</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_function_interface" title="Foreign function interface">Foreign function interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Language_binding" title="Language binding">Language binding</a></li>

<li><a href="Linker_(computing)" title="Linker (computing)">Linker</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dynamic_linker" title="Dynamic linker">dynamic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Loader_(computing)" title="Loader (computing)">Loader</a></li>

<li><a href="Year_2038_problem" title="Year 2038 problem">Year 2038 problem</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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